a. Means: ‘beschadigd, gehavend’ (damaged, battered).
b. Read: Die ik uiterlijk lijk te hebben doorgemaakt’ (that I appear to have suffered).
c. Means: ‘aangezien’ (as, since).
1. For the impending move from Nuenen to Breda, which was to take place at the end of March.
2. Taken from Gigoux, Causeries sur les artistes de mon temps. See letter 494, n. 2.
3. At the end of the preface to Chérie, Edmond de Goncourt writes about a walk he took with his brother some months before Jules’s death, during which Jules reflected on their achievements. Van Gogh quotes the closing words of the following three paragraphs:
‘All of a sudden my brother stopped dead and said to me:
“It doesn’t matter, do you see, they can deny us all they like… one day it will have to be acknowledged that we created GERMINIE LACERTEUX… and that ‘Germinie Lacerteux’ is the original book that served as the model for everything that has been produced since us, under the name of realism, naturalism, etc. And that’s one!
Now through writing, through talk, through purchases… who has imposed on the generation of mahogany chests of drawers the taste for eighteenth-century art and furniture?… Where is he who will dare to say it is not us? And that’s two!
And what about that description of a Paris salon furnished with japonaiseries, published in our first novel, in our novel EN 18.., that appeared in 1851 … yes, in 1851 …– let them show me people with a taste for Japanese things in those days…– and our acquisitions during those years of bronzes and lacquerware from Mallinet and a little later from Mrs Desoye… and our discovery in 1860, at the Porte Chinoise, of the first Japanese album known in Paris… known at least to the world of men of letters and painters… and the pages devoted to Japanese things in MANETTE SALOMON, in IDÉES ET SENSATIONS… do they not make us the first propagators of that art… of that art, which, without doubt, is revolutionizing the perspective of western peoples? And that’s three!
Now the search for truth in literature, the revival of eighteenth-century art, the triumph of Japonism: these are, do you know, – he added after a silence, and with an awakening of intelligent life in his eye, – these are the three great literary and artistic movements of the second half of the nineteenth century… and we will have led them, these three movements… us, poor unknown us. Well! when you have done that… it will be really difficult not to be someone in the future.”
And it’s true, the dying man taking a walk along the avenue of the Bois de Boulogne could perhaps be right.’
(Tout à coup brusquement mon frère s’arrêta, et me dit:
“Ça ne fait rien, vois-tu, on nous niera tant qu’on voudra... il faudra bien reconnaître un jour que nous avons fait GERMINIE LACERTEUX... et que ‘Germinie Lacerteux’ est le livre-type qui a servi de modèle à tout ce qui a été fabriqué depuis nous, sous le nom de réalisme, naturalisme, etc. Et d’un!
Maintenant par les écrits, par la parole, par les achats... qu’est-ce qui a imposé à la génération aux commodes d’acajou, le goût de l’art et du mobilier du XVIIIe siècle?... Où est celui qui osera dire que ce n’est pas nous? Et de deux!
Enfin cette description d’un salon parisien meublé de japonaiseries, publiée dans notre premier roman, dans notre roman d’EN 18.., paru en 1851 ... oui, en 1851 ... – qu’on me montre les japonisants de ce temps-là... – et nos acquisitions de bronzes et de laques de ces années chez Mallinet et un peu plus tard chez Mme Desoye... et la découverte en 1860, à la Porte Chinoise, du premier album japonais connu à Paris... connu au moins du monde des littérateurs et des peintres... et les pages consacrées aux choses du Japon dans MANETTE SALOMON, dans IDÉES ET SENSATIONS... ne font-ils pas de nous les premiers propagateurs de cet art... de cet art en train, sans qu’on s’en doute, de révolutionner l’optique des peuples occidentaux? Et de trois!
Or la recherche du vrai en littérature, la résurrection de l’art du XVIIIe siècle, la victoire du japonisme: ce sont, sais-tu, – ajouta-t-il après un silence, et avec un réveil de la vie intelligente dans l’oeil, – ce sont les trois grands mouvements littéraires et artistiques de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle... et nous les aurons menés, ces trois mouvements... nous, pauvres obscurs. Eh bien! quand on a fait cela... c’est vraiment difficile de n’être pas quelqu’un dans l’avenir.”
Et, ma foi, le promeneur mourant de l’allée du Bois de Boulogne pourrait peut-être avoir raison.) See Goncourt 1884, pp. xiv-xvi. Cf. for this preface also letters 550 and 551.
4. This was one of the annual ‘Expositions Internationales’ mounted by Georges Petit in 8 rue de Sèze since 1882. Vincent knew about the one in 1883 from what Theo had told him. See letter 358, n. 1.
On 10 May 1884 Andries Bonger wrote to his parents about this ‘jewel of an exhibition’: ‘A small number of masterpieces by Bastien-Lepage, Cazin, Carolus-Duran, Stevens, Jan van Beers, Jean Béraud and a couple of Spanish painters have been brought together. I find it impossible to describe to you the joy I experienced when looking at those paintings’ (FR b1787).
‘The exhibitors reflected the cosmopolitanism which had developed in the Paris art world ... It attracted a public of an equally international scope. Eventually scheduled regularly in May, it was anticipated and attended by fashionable society as well as those with a serious interest in the latest names and trends in art, and the newest output by painters with established reputations’, wrote Roger Terry Dunn, The Monet-Rodin exhibition at the Galerie Georges Petit in 1889. Diss. Northwestern University 1979, pp. 10-11.
5. Exposition Eugène Delacroix au profit de la souscription destinée à éléver à Paris un monument sa mémoire at the Ecole nationale des Beaux-Arts in Paris 1885. See letter 461, n. 2. Theo went to the exhibition with Andries Bonger, who wrote enthusiastically to his parents on 4 April 1885: ‘He is the most sympathetic person I have met in Paris. He is a charming fellow to get along with. One cannot conceive of more entertaining company than his. The exhibition of Eug. Delacroix’s paintings is an inexhaustible subject of discussion. They are so good that we can never say enough about them. We are going there again tomorrow morning’ (FR b1812).
6. Exposition Meissonier. 24 Mai- 24 Julliet 1884. Au profit de l’oeuvre de l’hospitalité de nuit. Paris, Galerie Georges Petit.
7. The fact that people who were not students were allowed into the Louvre to draw – as well as professional copyists, women were also admitted – emerges in Theodore Reff, ‘Copyists in the Louvre, 1850-1870’, The Art Bulletin 46-4 (1964), pp. 552-559 and Paul Duro, ‘Copyists in the Louvre in the middle decades of the nineteenth century’, Gazette des Beaux-Arts 130 (1988), no. 1431 (April), pp. 249-254. Duro observes: ‘From early in the century a series of regulations defined, clarified and bureaucratized the practice of copying’, but all the same the regulations were ‘surprisingly liberal’, with a distinction between ‘those who copied for instruction and those who copied for profit’ (p. 249).
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