1. The potato eaters (F 82 / JH 764 ).

2. It is impossible to say for certain which studies for the heads of the potato eaters Van Gogh is referring to here; he made several of them.

3. Later in this letter Van Gogh refers to Jean Gigoux, Causeries sur les artistes de mon temps, who wrote about Delacroix: ‘He wanted life; life at all costs, life everywhere, in the fields, in the skies, around his figures’ (Il voulait la vie; la vie à tout prix, la vie partout, sur les terrains, dans les ciels, autour de ses figures) (Gigoux 1885, p. 65).

4. The plural ‘Lhermittes’ indicates that Theo sent the prints by Léon Augustin Lhermitte from the series ‘Les mois rustiques’ for March and April, both engraved by Clément Edouard Bellenger. The first is Le labourage (Ploughing), published in Le Monde Illustré 29 (28 March 1885), Supplement to no. 1461 (Ill. 2138 ). We know from letter 500 that the print for April, Hirondelles ou le jardinage (Swallows or gardening), which appeared in Le Monde Illustré 29 (25 April 1885), Supplement to no. 1465 (Ill. 2137 ) was certainly in this parcel.

5. For various studies for The potato eaters, see cat. Amsterdam 1997, pp. 153-163.

6. Van Gogh had read about Delacroix’s ideas on colour in Charles Blanc’s Grammaire des arts du dessin and in Les artistes de mon temps. See also letters 449 and 494, in which he copied out passages from these books.

7. This anecdote is taken from Blanc’s Les artistes de mon temps (Blanc 1876, pp. 76-77).

8. Van Gogh may have got this from a passage in Pierre Véron, ‘Charles Jacque’ in the Galerie Contemporaine, Littéraire, Artistique. Album Mariani, in which Véron contrasted Jacque and Géricault: ‘In painting, [Jacque] is a resolute colourist whose pet hate was Ingres but who fanatically admired Daumier. Nothing was funnier than to hear him having heated debates about the subject with his friends ... Once, we retired at midnight, having held forth about the issue for hours. Suddenly, Jacque, who had just gone to bed, came back, took a pen and wrote to the person who had disagreed with him saying: “Your Mr. Ingres is just an image maker; I had to tell you again before I fell asleep and to say that Daumier is infinitely better”. He then woke up his oldest son and told him to deliver the note immediately to his adversary, who naturally responded. The correspondence lasted a good part of the night and we doubled up with laughter over it.’ (En peinture, [Jacque] est un coloriste déterminé dont Ingres était la bête noire et Daumier l’admiration fanatique. Rien n’était plus amusant que de l’entendre soutenir à ce sujet des discussions houleuses avec ses amis ... On s’était retiré par exemple à minuit, après avoir péroré pour et contre pendant des heures. Tout à coup, Jacque qui venait de se mettre au lit, se revelait, prenait une plume et écrivait à celui qui l’avait contredit: “Votre M. Ingres n’est qu’un imagier, j’ai tenu à vous le redire avant de m’endormir et à constater que Daumier lui est infiniment supérieur.” Après quoi il réveillait son fils aîné et lui donnait à porter sur-le-champ la missive à laquelle le contradicteur faisait naturellement une réponse. La correspondance durait ainsi une partie de la nuit et l’on riait à se tordre.) Quoted from Fanica 1995, p. 176. Cf. for ‘imagiers’ also letter 515, n. 10.

9. Paul de Katow, ‘Jules Dupré’, La Vie Moderne 7 (28 March 1885), no. 13, pp. 198-199. This presents a general overview of Dupré’s life and working method, and emphasizes how the painter carried on working throughout his life and succeeded in breathing life into nature. The brilliant ‘peintre vrai’ (true painter) was noble, passionate, serious and single-minded. He also endeavoured to persuade dealers and art lovers of Rousseau’s quality. Two quoted sayings of his are: ‘Nature is nothing – man is everything’ (La nature n’est rien, l’homme est tout) and ‘A wonderful landscape painter above all wants there to be soul in art.’ (L’admirable paysagiste veut avant tout qu’il y ait une âme dans l’art’) (p. 199).

10. Mistigris is the nickname of the landscape painter Léon Didas y Lora, known as Léon de Lora, a character in Balzac’s Les comédiens sans le savoir (1846) and Un début dans la vie (1844) from La comédie humaine; he is also mentioned several times in other novels in the series. It is in Honorine (1845) that he is described as ‘the most malicious man in Paris today’ (l’homme le plus malicieux de Paris actuel). See Balzac, La comédie humaine ii. Etudes de moeurs: scènes de la vie privée. Ed. Pierre Citron. Paris 1976, p. 528.

11. Derived from Gigoux, Causeries sur les artistes de mon temps: see letter 494, n. 2.